To do this, the transaction model considers how social, relational, and cultural contexts frame and influence our communication encounters. Models of communication simplify the process by providing a visual representation of the various aspects of a communication encounter. Sender and receiver both play equally important role in communication. Linear model II. Braille and sign language are forms of interface, as are the arts of music, cooking, photography and fashion. Rhetoric is the effective use of language. The message flows in a straight line from sender […] Each participant alternates roles as sender and receiver in order to keep a communication encounter going. The transaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. Although this seems like a perceptible and deliberate process, we alternate between the roles of sender and receiver very quickly and often without conscious thought. Interactive model. Imagine the different physical contexts in which job interviews take place and how that may affect your communication. Although these models of communication differ, they contain some common elements. While the linear model focused on how a message was transmitted and whether or not it was received, the interactive model is more concerned with the communication process itself. Interactivity through social media, smart phones and other visual aids increases awareness, productivity and collaboration. In this section, you will learn about three models of communication: I. I’ve also been walked around an office to unexpectedly interview one-on-one, in succession, with multiple members of a search committee over a period of three hours. Social context refers to the stated rules or unstated norms that guide communication. Below are some questions to help guide you through this chapter. What communication models do you know about already? But, interactive model is mostly used for new media like internet. The automobile dashboard, the iconic Fender Stratocaster electrical guitar, and popular telephones from the Western Electric Model 302 rotary dial to the Apple iPhone multi-touch screen are examples of effective control panels. In communication models, the participants are the senders and/or receivers of messages in a communication encounter. Gesture, touch and body language were the earliest forms of communication. Relational context includes the previous interpersonal history and type of relationship we have with a person. Do you want to get pizza tonight?” As your roommate receives the message, they decode your communication and turn it back into thoughts in order to make meaning out of it. Introduction to Professional Communications, Communication in the real world: An introduction to communication studies, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Interactive Model of Communication Interactive model or convergence model is similar to transactional model as they are both two way communication model. When you become aware of how communication functions, you can think more deliberately through your communication encounters, which can help you better prepare for future communication and learn from your previous communication. Cultural context includes various aspects of identities such as race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, sexual orientation, class, and ability. Hardware peripherals include keyboards, mice, game controllers and webcams. The linear or transmission model of communication, as shown in Figure 2.2.1, describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver (Ellis & McClintock, 1990). The first two models we will discuss, the transmission model and the interaction model, include the following parts: participants, messages, encoding, decoding, and channels. Communication Models Communication Models are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process. According to this model, exchange of ideas and messages takes place both ways form sender to receiver and vice versa. The interactive model requires several components to be successful: Two sources: The originator of the message and the recipient of the message are both sources. The only task that a receiver does here is to receive the message. Although the receiver is included in the model, this role is viewed as more of a target or end point rather than part of an ongoing process. The message is the verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver. The time line of spoken and written language’s emergence is still under debate. The internal cognitive process that allows participants to send, receive, and understand messages is the encoding and decoding process. It can sometimes be helpful to consider different communication models. Seemingly positive psychological states, like experiencing the emotion of love, can also affect communication. The transaction model also includes a more complex understanding of context. Many scholars view communication as more than a process that is used to carry on conversations and convey meaning. Therefore, communication isn’t judged effective or ineffective in this model based on whether or not a single message was successfully transmitted and received. Decoding is the process of turning communication into thoughts. It is a simple one way communication model. Once human cognition and thought evolved, varieties of language and communication increased exponentially. Feedback and context help make the interaction model a more useful illustration of the communication process, but the transaction model views communication as a powerful tool that shapes our realities beyond individual communication encounters. Interactive communication is a modern term that encompasses these evolving forms of conversation. Figure 2.2.1 The linear model of communication. For example, your instructor may respond to a point you raise during class discussion or you may point to the sofa when your roommate asks you where the remote control is. Interactive model III. New experiments in interaction design are evolving on a daily basis. Conversely, people with identities that are dominant or in the majority may rarely, if ever, think about the role their cultural identities play in their communication. Of course, we don’t just communicate verbally—we have various options, or channels for communication. Quick Summary:Interactive models are best for explaining impersonal two-way communication processes. Rhetoric is the effective use of language. Interactive model of communication. Some messages are also unintentionally sent. Aristotle’s model of communication is the oldest communication model, dating back to 300BC. Introduction to Professional Communications by Melissa Ashman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. We don’t send messages like computers, and we don’t neatly alternate between the roles of sender and receiver as an interaction unfolds. The three models of communication we will discuss are the transmission, interaction, and transaction models. Examples of perfected usability include the chopstick, the corkscrew and the paper clip. (1990). Whether it’s the size of the room or other environmental factors, it’s important to consider the role that physical context plays in our communication. Many forms of communication previously thought one-way, like books and television, have become interactive with the rise of computers, the Internet, and digital and mobile devices. One person, the sender, wants to send a piece of information, the message. The inclusion of a feedback loop also leads to a more complex understanding of the roles of participants in a communication encounter. The interactive or interaction model of communication, as shown in Figure 2.2.2, describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts (Schramm, 1997). We communicate differently with someone we just met versus someone we’ve known for a long time. 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