"Lisbon was positioning itself on the world stage," says Fernie. Some architectural historians believe Newcourt's idea formed the basis of the plan for Philadelphia - which in turn became the model for the American grid system. It is said that Samuel Pepys watched the progress of the Great Fire from its tower, which at that time was virtually brand new. "We are looking at the opportunities which terrible disasters have offered architects to rebuild cities around the world," says curator Jes Fernie. "It was saying 'we are rational, sturdy, stable and visionary'.". The Tower of London. So much about commerce and opportunity.". "It's about developing a stable structure that will cope with the challenge of rising sea levels," says curator Jes Fernie. Great Chicago Fire… Until recently a museum, Prince Henry's Room is a striking timber building sitting above the entrance to Inner Temple Lane. Much like the houses on Cloth Fair, Long Lane was protected from the flames of 1666 by the priory walls of St Bartholomew's. Modern architects have since used disasters as a chance to rebuild in a new way. Having only just escaped the Great Fire by a few metres, Staple Inn stood intact until a Luftwaffe bombing in 1944 which damaged some of the structure. Although the exact date of its construction is unknown, it is thought that the Hoop and Grapes was built in the late 1500s and avoided the Great Fire of London by being situated in the relatively untouched north-eastern corner of the City limits. 25% – the proportion of London’s citizens who never returned after the fire, according to a census taken seven years later, in 1673. Saint Olave's church was miraculously saved from the Great Fire by Sir William Penn (father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania), who asked his men from the nearby naval yard to demolish the houses surrounding the church in order to create a firebreak. The Guildhall did not escape the Great Fire unscathed; a large restoration project began in 1670 during which the entire roof had to be reconstructed from scratch. 87 churches were to be destroyed by the fire. Castle, built in 1078. Similar to John Evelyn, his plan would have seen narrow medieval streets replaced with wide avenues spreading out from piazzas. Read our full article about Prince Henry's Room here. The view below dates from 1560, with the city stretching from the Tower of London, in the east, to Fleet Street and The Strand in the west. Even so, the majority of the building is still as it would have been during the 15th century. The inset shows Hooke's radical vision. Before the slum clearances of the late 19th century there would have been a series of similar pre-Great Fire buildings lining the Strand. Sir John Evelyn - today best known for the diaries he wrote - held prominent public positions under Charles II. Charles Barry's grand design for the Palace of Westminster after the great 1835 fire saw the new House of Commons completed in 1852 and finished with … Built in the mid-16th century and featured in Charles Dickens' 'The Old Curiosity Shop', this ancient building was actually located quite a few streets away from the Great Fire's limits but is included in our list due to its quaint facade and literary connection! As a side note, if you're visiting the area be sure to look out for the old Roman amphitheatre which is on display in the Guildhall's basement. The two buildings adjacent to the pub are also pre-1666 survivors. Due to its historic value it was subsequently restored, and is now a listed building and home to the Institute of Actuaries. Fireproof metal frames for Chicago's new buildings helped lead to the first skyscrapers. Unfortunately it was damaged by an IRA attack in 1992 which destroyed its fantastic medieval stained-glass windows. "This is a really nice example of how real estate offices sprung up in the days after the fire," says Fernie of the photo below. The first church, St Margaret Fish Street Hill, caught fire overnight. It can be extended over and over again - it's a perfect grid plan," says curator Jes Fernie. Protected from the fire by its large curtain walls, the White Tower was completely untouched by the flames. Modern architects have since used disasters as a chance to rebuild in a new way. Great Fire of London, (September 2–5, 1666), the worst fire in London’s history. The oldest house in the City, built between 1597 - 1614. The map below shows a modern City of London, with the highlighted section showing the extent of the Great Fire. ", "We need to be thinking about the different ways that architecture will have to work with nature in the future.". The next image shows the extent of the 1871 blaze - and an early high rise building in downtown Chicago, designed by Daniel Burnham's firm. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. After London's Great Fire - 350 years ago this year - there were radical plans to transform the city. 1. At least 65,000 people had been made homeless by the fire. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}After London's Great Fire - 350 years ago this year - there were radical plans to transform the city. For more information please click here for our full article. We would like to thank Geoffrey Michel who contacted us via email to let us know about the church's survival. During the 1600s it was a tavern known as the Fountain Inn, and was visited by Samuel Pepys in 1661 of which he wrote "to the Fountain tavern and there stayed till 12 at night, drinking and singing". Unfortunately there is limited information on how it managed to escape the Great Fire, especially curious as the pub is located just a few streets away from Pudding Lane. Although the church was damaged during the Great Fire of London, enough of the structure remained to provide a temporary 'soup kitchen' to the local workers who were rebuilding the city. Highgate Cemetery in London, the final resting place of Karl Marx, George Eliot, Michael Faraday and Henry Moore. "Lisbon also became one of the first cities to seismically test its buildings," says Fernie - albeit in a rudimentary fashion. We have used Wenceslaus Hollar’s famous map of 1666 as our main source. On September 2, 1666, 80% of medieval London burned to the ground in the largest fire in the city's history. St Etheldredas is one of the oldest buildings in London, and is one of only two structures that date from King Edward I's reign. Wren's plans feature in a new exhibition, Creation from Catastrophe, at the .css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:bolder;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-yidnqd-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}Royal Institute of British Architects. 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