zu + infinitive = “without” + present participle. ohne . In the same way English does, German permits infinitive phrases to refer to completed actions, by using an infinitive form of present-perfect tense. All dependent constructions, whether clauses or phrases, are separated from main clauses by a comma or commas. She studies hard in order to pass the exam. The German infinitive! anstatt (sometimes statt) . Using the infinitive. To make your German flow, you can link two clauses by using um...zu…, which means 'in order to'. Verbs stand in final position in dependent clauses and phrases. Sie hat keine Zeit. The German infinitive is used in the following tenses and moods: The future: Er will morgen arbeiten./He wants to work tomorrow. 4: Verbs with prefixes; adjective endings, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Ich habe keine Lust. Wir sind nach Frankreich gereist, ohne Paris zu besuchen. after nouns; Ich habe keine Zeit, Sport zu treiben. Most German infinitives end with -en (springen/to jump), but there are also some verbs that end in the infinitive with -ern, -eln, -n (wandern/to wander, hike, sammeln/to collect, sein/to be). In German grammar, the infinitive is often used together with a conjugated verb. Anstatt zu arbeiten, sind wir ins Kino gegangen. . . . . Instead of working we went to the cinema (movies). Example: Ich kann bald wie ein Profi spielen. Well, finally a part in German grammar which is easy and understandable you might think. In the interactive exercises you can test your knowledge. © 2020 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Es ist schwierig zu verstehen. Please send accessibility and other feedback to alan.ng@wisc.edu. To construct infinitive clauses, we use the word zu with the infinitive of the verb and put both of these words at the end of the clause. Compare the preceding, modal example with the following, completed-action example. Infinitive constructions in German. As is true for all dependent constructions, including the infinitive clauses described above, it is helpful to remember that German abides by two rules that give you visual cues about the structure of sentences: All dependent constructions, whether clauses or phrases, are separated from main clauses by a comma or commas. zu is used with the infinitive: after other verbs; Ich versuchte zu kommen. We travelled to France without visiting Paris. This construction is sometimes referred to as the infinitive construction. . As is true for all dependent constructions, including the infinitive clauses described above, it is helpful to remember that German abides by two rules that give you visual cues about the structure of sentences: There are three prepositions that in infinitive clauses take on special but commonly used meanings: um . Wir sind nach Frankreich gereist, ohne Paris zu besuchen. Depending on the verbs it follows, we use the infinitive with or without the preposition zu. Sie hat keine Zeit, jeden Tag die Zeitung zu lesen. Tenses and Moods . → Ich hoffe, bald wie ein Profi spielen zu können. But there is a grammatical construction, where the German infinitive plays a more difficult role: The German infinitive … As is true for all dependent constructions, including the infinitive clauses described above, it is helpful to remember that German abides by two rules that give you visual cues about the structure of sentences: All dependent constructions, whether clauses or phrases, are … I tried to come. Ich helfe ihm nicht. Note that in German, infinitive clauses are preceded by zu. I don’t have the time to do any sport. Infinitives are often used to combine clauses, as in the examples below. Sie liest nicht jeden Tag die Zeitung. She has no time to read the paper every day. Anstatt zu arbeiten, sind wir ins Kino gegangen. Note that in German, infinitive clauses are preceded by zu. I’ll be able to play like a pro soon. . It was easy to see. Common Infinitive Constructions. after adjectives; Es war leicht zu sehen. Infinitives are often used to combine clauses, as in the examples below. Sie lernt fleißig, um das Examen zu bestehen. It’s hard to understand. Word Order in German Infinitive Clauses. Infinitive constructions in German. Of course, the infinitive forms of German verbs are not too complicated. Privacy policy. Sie lernt fleißig, um das Examen zu bestehen. zu + infinitive = “in order to”. zu + infinitive = “instead of” + present participle. It is the -en form of the verb in German. With Lingolia’s online lesson you can learn when to use the infinitive with zu and when to use the infinitive without zu. Dependent constructions, whether clauses or phrases, are separated from main clauses by a comma commas. Hard in order to ' ohne Paris zu besuchen final position in dependent and. 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