Various alternative courses that are considered feasible in terms of preliminary criteria have to be taken for detailed evaluation. Other plans are narrower in scope and concentrate on a subset of organizational activities or operating units, such as the food services unit of the university. After some time it comes to be known that the medium of advertisement appeared to be incapable of achieving the target. Since the job of planning is performed by the managers at different levels working in the enterprise, it is appropriate to call it all-pervasive. It will, thus, add to the quality of planning through the knowledge of additional facts, new visions and revealing situations. All managerial functions must be planned if they are to be effective and efficient. Scope planning refers to a project management process that defines boundaries and deliverables.The basic matrix of a scope planning analysis consists of three main categories: Initiation, planning, and definition, with two control categories: Verification, and change control interspersed between the three main categories. Q5: “Principles help managers to take decisions while performing functions of management.” True, Principles are guidelines to take actions; False, Functions of management are not related with Principles of Management; Partly True, Principles denotes cause and effect relationship which may help functions It occupies first place and precedes all other functions of management which are designed to attain the goals set under planning. Again, there are many managerial functions like motivating the employees, disapproving their work or discharging them form service which call for decision-making, but these functions cannot be included within planning from the point of view of analytical study of different management processes. The character and breadth of planning will, of course, vary from one job to another—depending on the level of management. The break-down of the master plan into departmental and sectional plans provides a realistic picture of the actions to be taken in future. These derivative plans are formulated out of the main plan and so they support it. 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After reading this article you will learn about:- 1. Planning Definition: Planning is the fundamental management function, which involves deciding beforehand, what is to be done, when is it to be done, how it is to be done and who is going to do it.It is an intellectual process which lays down an organisation’s objectives and develops various courses of action, by which the organisation can achieve those objectives. It means systematized pre-thinking for determining a course of action to achieve some desired result. Different procedures are adopted in different areas of business activities. Marketing management, it is said, has to cope with eight different states of demand. Any mistake or error in planning is sure to upset other functions of management and, thus, precision is of utmost importance in every kind of planning. Planning as a basic function of management is a principal duty of all managers. This gives the planning exact, definite, and accurate meaning in its scope and content. cannot be an isolated act apart from sales planning and production planning. Read this article to learn about Planning in an Organisation. Within each category, there may be several alternatives. (iii) The priority to be given in succession for the accomplishment of different tasks through careful analysis. Planning is the key to success of an organisation. By Blair Potter | Aug 21, 2018. A good system of planning should be responsive to the opportunities for innovation. Whatever be the nature of activity, management starts with planning. Similarly, in respect of sales procedure, rule may be enforced that all orders should be confirmed the very next day. All planning is linked up with certain goals and objectives. As a managerial function, planning is important for the following reasons: The first and most important reason for planning lies in the fact that it provides a basis on which decisions are made. Every lower-level plan serves as a means towards the end of higher plans. There must be complete agreement among the managers in respect of planning premises over which the structure of plan is to be framed. Moreover, there is no certainty about the outcome of any alternative course because it is related with future which is not certain. ‘Planning Premises’ are planning assumptions relating to the expected environmental and internal conditions. It may also be treated as a process of thinking before doing. They may be production policy, sales policy, financial policy, personnel policy etc. In such a situation the medium of advertisement can be changed and it can be shifted from newspapers to television in this way, every possible change is made through the planned action for the purpose of achieving the objective. It is, therefore, observed that planning involves decision making. External premises include total factors in the environment like social, political, technological, competitors’ plans and actions, government policies, etc. (ii) Adequate knowledge about the capacity of the force available through observations and experiments and from established standards. Mention may be made here of varied operating orders and instructions which are outside of planning, but are subject to decision making. Planning is considered the first primary function of management. The aspects of this changing environment include changes in technology, government policies, the nature of competition, social norms and attitudes etc. Whether internal or external, the success of the plans demands that it should be strategy-oriented. Elements 5. Planning is a preparatory step for action. Being the first element of management defined by Fayol, planning is making a plan of action to provide for the foreseeable future. For example, if an organisation has set its objective to grow further, it can be achieved in several ways like expanding the field of business or product line, joining with other organisations, or taking over another organisation, and so on. This enables the businessman to concentrate upon those matters which are actually relevant and vital to business success. A plan is essentially today’s design for tomorrow’s action and an outline of the steps to be taken in future. Thus, control is exercised in the context of planning action as the standards against which actual results are to be compared are set up through planning. 3. Therefore, it can be asserted that planning is a process of selecting the best and rejecting the inappropriate. It is within the planning function that goals are determined, decision-making takes place, forecasts are made and strategies are initiated. This principle implies that more emphasis has to be put on that factor which is scarce or limited in supply or extremely costly. This may also be stated as an important strategy of business. A project involves basically the investment of funds, the benefits from which can be accrued in future. Planning is a mental exercise involving imagination, foresight and sound judgement. Content Guidelines 2. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them; it requires decision making, which is choosing from among alternative future courses of action – Weihrich and Koontz Thus, planning has assumed great importance in all types of organisation—business or non-business, private or public sector, small or large. Image Guidelines 5. In this process a hierarchy of objectives is created. The plans are formulated in the light of both external and internal factors. In such a case, the manager may choose more than one alternative at the same time.
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